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Member Symposium

Plant-Insect Ecosystems

Aphids: Recent Progress in Ecology, Diversity, Virus Transmission, and Management

Poleroviruses modulate aphid immunity to aphid-infecting viruses

Tuesday, November 7, 2023
10:55 AM – 11:10 AM ET
Location: Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center, Chesapeake E-F
In-Person
The polerovirus, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), is transmitted by Myzus persicae in a circulative, persistent, non-propagative manner. The non-propagative aspect of poleroviruses is a long-standing mystery in the field. Why don’t poleroviruses replicate in their aphid vectors? Plants and aphids both use posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) as a targeted defense mechanism against virus replication. In plants, PLRV suppresses PTGS using the viral silencing suppressor protein, P0. The F-box motif of P0 is critical for suppressor activity in plants. Our work has shown that the non-propagative nature of PLRV is not due to an anti-viral immune defense response. PLRV does not replicate to detectable levels in aphids. During our investigations on PLRV-aphid interactions, our recent published and unpublished research has shown our lab aphid colonies are infected with at least two aphid infecting viruses: Myzus persicae densovirus (MpDNV) and Myzus persicae flavivirus (MpFv). PLRV acquisition from plants impairs aphid antiviral immunity against MpDNV and MpFv. In contrast, aphid acquisition of purified virions impairs immunity only against MpFv, supporting ether a) the existence of two distinct pathways for modulation of aphid antiviral immunity by poleroviruses or b) that PLRV hijacks the MpFv infection machinery and renders it non-propagative. The stylet-born potato virus Y has no effect on aphid antivirus immunity. This talk will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning vector manipulation by a plant virus that is expected to promote spread of the plant virus in nature and discuss ideas about the molecular interplay between poleroviruses and aphid-infecting viruses.