Relative to insecticide susceptible alleles, resistance alleles commonly have a fitness cost in the absence of insecticide exposure and an advantage in the presence of insecticides. However, field populations often include multiple resistance alleles. Thus, the fitness of the different resistance alleles to each other (in both the presence and absence of insecticide) is also important to understanding the evolution of resistance. Given that some resistance alleles have a single mutation, while others have multiple mutations suggests that the fitness of one resistance allele vs. another could be different. Resistance can evolve quickly in many pests, but we are still able to use insecticide against some pests for several decades. How is that possible? This talk will present data examining these topics.
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